Ngo-Ephreli 20, Minmetals Resources Co, Ltd. (Mmg) umemezele ku-Hong Kong stock Exchange ukuthi imayini yethusi yeLasbambas ngaphansi kwenkampani ngeke ikwazi ukugcina ukukhiqizwa ngoba i-Peru yangena endaweni yezimayini ukubhikisha. Kusukela lapho, imibhikisho yendawo iye yanda. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, amaphoyisa asePeruvian ashayisana nemiphakathi eminingana emayini, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwemayini yethusi yeLasbambas Copper kanye ne-Loschancas Copper MAYINI yenkampani yethusi yaseSouthern Copper kwamiswa.

NgoJuni 9, imiphakathi yasendaweni yathi izophakamisa umbhikisho omayini wethusi weLasbambas, owaphoqa ukuthi imayini iyeke ukusebenza cishe izinsuku ezingama-50. Umphakathi uzimisele ukuphumula ngomhlaka 30 (June 15 - Julayi 15) ukwenza umjikelezo omusha wezingxoxo. Umphakathi wendawo ubuze imayini ukuthi inikeze imisebenzi yamalungu omphakathi kanye nokuhlela kabusha abaphathi bemizi. Imayini ithe izoqala kabusha eminye imisebenzi yasemayini. Ngaleso sikhathi, abasebenzi abangama-3000 ababekade beyeka ukusebenzela osonkontileka beMMG kulindeleke ukuthi babuye emsebenzini.

Ngo-Ephreli, okukhishwayo kwemayini yasePeru kwakungu-170000 amathani, phansi unyaka nonyaka ka-1.7% ngonyaka ka-6.6% ngenyanga. Ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukuphuma kwemayini yePeru yethusi kwakungu-724000 amathani, ukunyuka konyaka ngonyaka ka-2.8%. Ngo-Ephreli, ukuphuma kwemayini yethusi yeLasbambas yethu yehle kakhulu. Imayini yaseCuajone, ephethwe yi-Southern Copper yasePeru, yavalwa cishe izinyanga ezimbili ngenxa yemibhikisho yomphakathi wakubo. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli kulo nyaka, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Copper yemayini yaseLasbambas nemayini ye-cuajone kwehle cishe ngamathani angama-50000. NgoMeyi, izimayini zethusi eziningi zathinteka kwimibhikisho. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, imibhikisho ephikisana nezimayini zethusi emiphakathini yasePerevian ihlise umphumela wezimayini zethusi ePeru ngamathani angaphezu kuka-100000.

Ngomhla zingama-31 kuJanuwari 2022, iChile yamukelwe iziphakamiso eziningana. Isiphakamiso esisodwa sidinga usizo lwezwe le-Lithium ne-Copper; Esinye isiphakamiso ukunikeza isikhathi esithile kwizimo zemvume yezokumbiwa phansi ezazivulwe ekuqaleni, futhi zinikeze iminyaka emihlanu njengesikhathi sesikhashana. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, uhulumeni waseChile wethule inhloso yenqubo yokulwa nemayini ye-Loslolambres Copper. I-Chilean Environmental Environmental Enculatory Authority yenza izinsolo ekusetshenzisweni okungafanele kanye nokuphiliswa kwechibi eliphuthumayo lenkampani echibini kanye neziphambeko zesivumelwano sokuxhumana esiphuthumayo. I-Chilean Envirol Environmental Enculatory ejensi yathi leli cala laqaliswa ngenxa yezikhalazo zezakhamizi.

Ukwahlulela kusuka ekuphumeni kwangempela kwezimayini zethusi eChile kulo nyaka, okuphuma kwezimayini zethusi eChile kwehle kakhulu ngenxa yebanga lethusi nokutshalwa kwemali okunganele. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli kulo nyaka, ukuphuma kwemayini yaseChile kwakungu-1.714 million amathani, ukwehla konyaka okungu-7.6%, futhi okukhipha kuncishiswe ngamathani ayi-150000. Izinga lokuncipha kokukhipha livame ukusheshisa. I-National Copper Commission of Chile yathi ukuncipha ekukhiqizeni kwethusi kungenxa yokwehla kwekhwalithi ye-Ore kanye nokushoda kwezinsiza zamanzi.

Ukuhlaziywa Komnotho Kokuphazamiseka Kokukhiqizwa Kwethusi

Ngokuvamile, lapho intengo yethusi isezingeni eliphakeme, inani lemayini ye-zethusi neminye imicimbi izokwanda. Abakhiqizi beCopper bazoncintisana ngezindleko eziphansi lapho amanani entengo yethusi azinzile noma lapho ithusi le-electrolytic lisesasele. Kodwa-ke, lapho imakethe isemakethe yomthengisi ojwayelekile, ukuhlinzekwa kwethu ithusi kukhuphuka okufushane futhi ukunikezwa kukhuphuka ngokuqinile, okukhombisa ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza ethusi asetshenziswe ngokuphelele futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza oseceleni usuqalile ukuba nomthelela ku Intengo yethusi.

Ikusasa lezomhlaba kanye nemakethe yamabala ye-Copper kuthathwa njengemakethe ephelele yokuncintisana, evumelana ngokucatshangelwa okuyisisekelo kwemakethe ephelele yokuncintisana emcabangweni wendabuko wezomnotho. Imakethe ifaka inani elikhulu labathengi nabathengisi, umkhiqizo oqinile we-homogeneity, ukulungiswa kwezinsiza, ukuphelela kolwazi kanye nezinye izici. Esiteji lapho ukulethwa yi-zethusi kuphapheme nokukhiqizwa kanye nokuhamba kwezokuhamba kuqala, izinto ezilungele ukuzilolonga nokufuna ukuqasha kuvela eduze kwesixhumanisi esiseduze sePosi. EPeru naseChile, amazwe amakhulu e-Copper Resource, izinyunyana zezohwebo zasekhaya namaqembu omphakathi zizoba nesisusa esithe xaxa sokuqinisa isikhundla sabo sokuqamba ngemisebenzi yokuqasha ukuze afune inzuzo engafanele.

Umkhiqizi we-monopoly angagcina isikhundla somthengisi kuphela emakethe yawo, kanti amanye amabhizinisi awakwazi ukungena emakethe futhi ancintisane nakho. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Copper Ayini nakho kunesici. Emkhakheni wezokumbiwa kweCopper, i-Monopoly ayibonakali kuphela ezindlekweni eziphakeme kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima kubatshalizimali abasha ukungena; Kuboniswa futhi ukuthi ukubheka, ukufundwa okungenzeka, ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo nokukhiqizwa kwemayini yethusi kuzothatha iminyaka eminingana. Noma ngabe kunabatshalizimali abasha, ukulethwa kwemayini yethusi ngeke kuthinteke esikhathini esiphakathi nesifushane. Ngenxa yezizathu zokujikeleza, imakethe yokuncintisana efanelekile iveza izici ze-monopoly, ezinohlobo lwazo zombili izinduna zemvelo (abahlinzeki abambalwa basebenza kahle) futhi izinsiza ezibalulekile (izinsiza ezibalulekile zingabakwamabhizinisi ambalwa kanye nombuso).

Umbono wendabuko wezomnotho usitshela ukuthi i-Monopoly ikakhulukazi iletha ukulimala okubili. Okokuqala, kuthinta ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kobuhlobo be-Supple Suppled. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokufuna ukuqasha kanye nokuzibusa, okuphumayo kuvame ukwedlula ukuphuma okudingekayo ukuze kufakwe imali nokufunwa, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwesikhathi eside. Okwesibili, kuholela ekutshaleni okusebenzayo okunganele. Amabhizinisi e-Monopoly noma izinhlangano zingathola izinzuzo ngokuqasha okuqashile, okuvimbela ukuthuthuka kokusebenza kahle futhi kwenze buthaka umdlandla wokukhulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali nokwandisa amandla okukhiqiza. I-Central Bank of Peru ibike ukuthi inani lokutshalwa kwemali kwezimayini ePeru lehlile ngenxa yomthelela wemibhikisho yomphakathi. Kulonyaka, inani lokutshalwa kwemali kwezimayini ePeru lehlile cishe nge-1%, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi linciphe ngo-15% ngo-2023. Isimo eChile siyafana nalokho ePeru. Ezinye izinkampani zezimayini ziye zamisa ukutshalwa kwezimbiwa kwezimayini eChile.

Inhloso yokufuna ukuqasha ukuqinisa ukuziphatha okune-monopoly, ukuthonya ngamanani entengo kanye nenzuzo kuyo. Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo okuphansi, kubhekana nalo izingqinamba zokuncintisana. Ngokombono wesikhathi eside kanye nomncintiswano wezimayini zomhlaba wonke, intengo idonswa ngaphezulu kwebhalansi yokuhlinzekwa kanye nokufunwa (ngaphansi kwesimo somncintiswano ophelele), okuhlinzeka ngentengo ephezulu yabakhiqizi abasha. Ngokuya nge-Copper, icala elijwayelekile ukwanda kwemali enkulu nokukhiqizwa ngabavukuzi bethusi baseChina. Ngokombono womjikelezo wonke, kuzoba noshintsho olukhulu ekubonakaleni kwezwe lethusi.

Intengo Outlook

Imibhikisho emiphakathini yaseNingizimu Melika yaholela ngqo ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kokugxila kweCopper ezimayini zasendaweni. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Copper Aminal emazweni aseNingizimu Melika kwasehlile ngamathani angaphezu kuka-250000. Ngenxa yomthelela wokutshala imali enganele, umthamo we-Medium - kanye nesikhathi eside sokukhiqiza uvinjelwe ngokufanele.

Imali yokusebenza yokugxilisa iCopper ingumehluko wentengo phakathi kwemayini yethusi ne-Copper ecwengekile. Imali ekhokhwayo ye-Copper Corcterte ehlehliswe isuka kuma- $ 83.6 / T aphezulu ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ku- $ 75.3 / T.3. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imali yokufaka i-Copper Gqunter Gqunter iye yaphinde yaphinde yaphindeka ngentengo ephansi yomlando ngoMeyi 1 ngonyaka owedlule. Ngemicimbi eminingi nethe xaxa ethinta ukuphuma kwemayini ye-Copper, imali yokufaka i-Copper Corctering Processing izobuyela esikhundleni se- $ 60 / Ton noma iphansi, icindezela isikhala senzuzo se-smelter. Ukushoda okuhlobene kwe-Copper Ore ne-Copper Spot kuzokwandisa isikhathi lapho intengo yethusi isezingeni eliphakeme (intengo yethusi ye-shanghai ingaphezulu kwama-70000 yuan / ton).

Ngibheke phambili ekuthambekeni kwesikhathi esizayo sentengo yethusi, inqubekela phambili yokuqothuka komhlaba wonke kanye nesimo sangempela sokwehla kwamandla emali kuseyizinto eziholayo zesiteji sentengo yethusi ngesiteji. Ngemuva kokuthi idatha ye-Utation Inflation ikhule kakhulu futhi ngoJuni, imakethe yalinda isitatimende sikaFed ekukhuphukeni kwamandla emali okuqhubekayo. Isimo se- "Hawkish" ye-Federal Reserve singadala ingcindezi ye-period ngentengo yethusi, kepha ngokulandelana, ukwehla okusheshayo, okusheshayo kwezimpahla zase-US kuvimbela inqubo ejwayelekile yenqubomgomo yezimali.